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A consistent reflected image particle approach to the treatment of boundary conditions in smoothed particle hydrodynamics

<25>Application of SPH to Navier-Stokes with solid wall (“no-slip”) boundaries has been a long-standing concern and limitation of this approach (which otherwise has many advantages over conventional “mesh-based” approaches in computational fluid dynamics). We present a novel solution to this problem that is shown to be highly computationally efficient, to deliver substantially improved accuracy compared with alternatives (e.g., doi:10.1002/fld.1619), and is starting to be used as a new standard benchmark within the CFD community (e.g., doi:10.1016/j.jnnfm.2011.08.011). Furthermore, the method is naturally extendable to complex boundaries of immersed objects: which have not previously been treatable via SPH methods.