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Laboratory studies of near-grazing impulsive sound propagating over rough water

Understanding sound propagation over the surface of water is important for predictions of acoustic noise propagating from explosions, aircrafts, ships and other offshore structures. Theoretical modelling of such phenomena is currently limited and field experiments are prohibitively expensive. This work describes the first laboratory experiment on near grazing propagation of acoustic waves reflected from a surface with stationary chaotic waves. The results show a decrease of specular reflections and increase in variability of the waveform tails. The research and findings are particularly relevant at the moment for evaluation of noise generated by off-shore wind turbines and farms.