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Aquifer thermal energy storage: theoretical and operational analysis

This paper is a case history examining the performance of an open loop ground energy system. The use of numerical modelling as a design tool for ground energy systems is an important development. However, the systems being modelled are often complex and hence the validation of such a design tool is an important step and provides confidence in future applications. In this study, data over a full operational year were collected to examine both heating and cooling cycles and validate the results of numerical modelling, leading to system comparisons and concomitant operational improvements.