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Continuous Deposition of a Liquid Thread onto a Moving Substrate. Numerical Analysis and Comparison With Experiments

This paper considers, using simulation and experiment, Direct-Write

printing of silver-laden inks to produce electrically-conducting

tracks, leading to a novel (and highly sustainable) manufacturing

technique for producing electronic circuits. For various

nozzle-substrate stand-off distances and nozzle-substrate tilt angles,

the domain of nozzle flow rates that permits steady state printed

track widths is identified. Instabilities, that break up the

continuous printed tracks, are highly undesirable in this application,

but were avoided with sufficiently high flow rates and low stand-offs.

Vertical, rather than tilted, nozzle configurations were also found to

be better at producing thin tracks necessary for miniaturised

electronic devices.