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A one-compartment fructose/air biological fuel cell based on direct electron transfer

Enzymatic fuel cells can be divided into mediated electron transfer and direct electron transfer (DET) types. The DET-type, with direct electron exchange between the enzyme and the electrode, possess very important advantages due to simple construction and lack of toxicity, allowing one-compartment bioelectrochemical systems (BESs), with potential miniaturization and low cost. We developed a one-compartment fructose/air biological fuel cell (BFC) based on DET, employing bilirubin oxidase and d-fructose dehydrogenase adsorbed on a cellulose–multiwall carbon nanotube matrix as bioelectrodes. This BES showed higher performance and long-term stability than all previous related studies.