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Analysis of the properties of a steering shaft used as a back-up for a steer-by-wire system during system failure

The aim of the research was to determine the best selection criteria for the properties of a steering shaft to be used as a back-up component for steer-by-wire (SBW) during system failure. Both steering shaft stiffness and damping were tested and monitored. It is concluded this research that a suggested stiffness and damping coefficient values increased the steering ratio, and the results of further investigations are presented which confirm that the vehicle is safe to be driven in the event of SBW system failure if the recommended shaft properties are used. This research showed that a car with steer-by-wire may be safely fitted with the proposed low stiffness emergency backup system.