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NOx formation and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) in a fluidized bed combustor of biomass

Caledonian Paper is a major paper mill in Ayr, using plantation woods in a Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor to generate process steam. The paper examines the potential for use of Selective Non-catalytic Reduction (SNCR) for NOx abatement in this operation. Although SNCR is a selective reduction, the reactions of NOx reduction by NH3 in the presence of oxygen, and the oxidation of NH3 proceed competitively. Both reactions were studied at lab-scale and the results transformed into design equations starting from the respective reaction kinetics. An overall deNOx yield can then be predicted for any operating temperature and NH3/NOx ratio.