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An energy-based envelope function for the stochastic simulation of earthquake accelerograms

Seismic hazard analyses commonly identify scenarios for which few natural accelerograms exist; limiting options for time-history analyses. Synthetically generating accelerograms using stochastic processes solves this problem, but there is resistance to the use of stochastic motions as previous approaches do not capture temporal and spectral non-stationarities observed in natural records and are not hazard-consistent. This article solves both issues, presenting the first hazard-consistent stochastic approach capturing the temporal non-stationarity of earthquake-induced motions. Spectral non-stationarity was subsequently solved by the authors in doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.05.014 enabling sophisticated analyses for situations not previously possible. The work also resulted in two book chapters (doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9987-7_12, ISBN:978-1-874672-37-1).