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Freezing point depression of electrolyte solutions : Experimental measurements and modeling using the cubic-plus-association equation of state

There are numerous calculations in chemical and petroleum engineering where reliable predictions of phase behaviour of electrolyte solutions are required, from desalination units to gas hydrate inhibition in offshore/arctic drilling operations or in oil/gas pipelines. The work presented in this article is the result of a study on the phase equilibria of aqueous electrolyte solutions particularly in relation to drilling operations and subsea oil transmission lines where the proportion of salt in the aqueous phase could be significant. The work was carried out in a Joint Industry Project with financial support from Clariant Oil Services, Petrobras, StatoilHydro,TOTAL and UK BERR.