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Characterization of string cavitation in large-scale Diesel nozzles with tapered holes

The paper reports experimental findings in Caterpillar enlarged diesel nozzle replicas, while CFD calculations provide further insights at locations where the complexity of the geometry does not allow experimentation. Measurements identified for the first time the formation of strong vortex flow inside the injection holes of diesel injectors which can create a reverse pressure gradient and allow back air entrainment inside the injector. This mechanism can be associated with the appearance of combustion deposits well upstream inside the injector and has initiated a new research field at City sponsored by Fuel Additive Industries (Lubrizol and Afton).