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Effect of common impurities on the phase behavior of carbon-dioxide-rich systems : minimizing the risk of hydrate formation and two-phase flow

This is the first paper in investigating the effect impurities in CO2 originating from power plants on the phase behaviour and properties of CO2-rich systems for CCS. It demonstrates how the presence of very small quantities of impurities could change bubble point (i.e., pressure/pumping) and dehydration requirements in a CO2-rich system. It also demonstrated the weaknesses of existing software, and the need for generating new experimental data for improving them. The paper created a lot of interest in the industry and resulted in a Joint-Industry-Project within ERPE with 8 sponsors (£720k) and numerous consultancies in Hydrafact (e.g., Total and Statoil).