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Synthesis and Optimization of the Production of Millimeter-Sized Hydroxyapatite Single Crystals by Cl--OH- Ion Exchange

This paper describes production and characterisation of large (> 1 mm) hydroxyapatite crystals; this is the first time a production route has been identified that can yield meaningful quantities. These crystals can be used to increase the fracture toughness of bulk hydroxyapatite bioceramics one of the key issues hampering their implementation in practical clinical applications. They are also being used to study fundamental properties, such as dependence of protein adhesion with orientation, in a work in collaboration with the University of California at San Francisco. These results have supported a grant from the American national institute of health ($341K).