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The Effects of Surface and Initial Stresses on the Bending Stiffness of Nanowires

Classical mechanics predicts constant dimensionless bending stiffness and natural frequency for uniform nanowires. In contrast, experimental evidence indicates that those properties are strongly size-dependent. This paper provides the first analytic result of the size-dependent and tunable bending stiffness of nanowires, helping to interpret these effects and to allow correct extraction of Young’s modulus from the results experimentally measured by AFM (atomic force microscope). As a consequence of work related to this paper, Dr. Zhu has become a committee member and session chair of the International Conference on Manipulation, Manufacturing and Measurement on the Nanoscale (3M-NANO).