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Ant Colony Optimization for Optimal Control of Pumps in Water Distribution Networks

<22> The paper is significant because it describes a new pump schedule representation that significantly reduces the search space so allowing more optimal solutions to be found faster. This also maintains explicit control over the number of pump switches. Additionally a new sequential approach to comparing solutions based on their constraint violations is presented. This novel adaptation of Any Colony Optimisation gives a ranking to solutions without needed to define penalty scores for violations - avoiding the need to fine-tune penalty values. The paper appears in an applications journal but has been widely cited in both applications and metaheuristics publications.