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A Dynamic, Distributed Model of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers Undergoing Crude Oil Fouling

Refining energy losses represent 6% of worldwide oil energy with fouling responsible for 50% and 2.5% of global CO2 emissions. This fundamental model provides a significant advantage in predictive ability above previous methods and enables reduction of energy losses/emissions through better equipment design/retrofit, energy integration and operations planning. Validated with Exxon and Shell (http://heatexchanger-fouling.com/papers/papers2009/9_Coletti_Macchietto_F.pdf ), developed with industry collaborators representing 70% of world refining capacity(http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01457632.2010.495579 ) this technology and related patent WO2012131281-A1 (http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/newsandeventspggrp/imperialcollege/newssummary/news_21-2-2013-15-59-9 ) were licenced to Hexxcell Ltd (www.hexxcell.com ), a new spinoff launched 2011, operational 2013.