Output details

Approximating the evacuation of the World Trade Center North Tower using computer simulation

Paper resulted from EPSRC funded HEED project (GR/S74201/01, EP/D507790), a collaboration between Greenwich, Ulster, Liverpool Universities. Paper presents simulation analysis of the 9/11 evacuation. It successfully reproduced the evacuation, providing important insight into the complex evolving evacuation dynamics of the North Tower, provided further validation evidence for the internationally used buildingEXODUS evacuation simulation software and demonstrated the practical limitations of full building evacuation of high-rise buildings by stairs alone identifying the need for evacuation lifts (jason.averill@nist.gov, Leader Engineered Fire Safety Group, NIST). This led to further research on modelling lift evacuation with an EPSRC PhD studentship for Michael Kinsey (2011).