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Consistency Among Musculoskeletal Models: Caveat Utilitor

This paper presents results of research undertaken in collaboration with Oxford, Brunel and Stanford Universities on the effect of inconsistencies between nominally comparable biomechanical models. The study resulted from advances in the understanding of the loading patterns occurring during functional electrical stimulation within the leg muscles of paraplegic subjects during rowing. The significance of this research is that it will enable research groups to understand the loads which occur during externally stimulated paraplegic movement and will be able to optimise this loading to produce forces sufficiently large to generate bone growth whilst simultaneously not being sufficiently large to cause further injury to the subject.