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An experimentally verified model for estimating the distance resolution capability of direct time of flight 3D optical imaging systems

Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) perform distance measurement by time-resolved photon detection. CMOS SPAD arrays have recently attained pixel counts that allow 3D image capture. This paper describes a theoretical model that predicts the distance resolution capability of SPAD detector array systems and when combined with experimental data provides the first such distance estimate. It is thus a valuable tool for understanding the design capability and constraints of such systems. It supports aspects of ERPE participation in the successful 2013 €120M POLIS proposal (ENIAC call 8, www.eniac.eu), led by Lindsay Grant at ST Microelectronics, email available on request.