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Retroemission by a glass bead monolayer for high-sensitivity, long-range imaging of upconverting phosphors

The paper introduced a new concept, Retroemission, and demonstrated a prototype with novel features including the ability to collect and confine luminescent emission, enabling long range sensing with low light loss. Using non-linear optical materials, a signal enhancement of over 3 orders of magnitude was demonstrated experimentally. The paper also presents analytical theory and simulations that reproduced the results and indicate that further contrast enhancement can be achieved through optimisation. A patent was lodged, and applications of this new technique are envisaged in remote sensing, security tagging, and biophotonics devices.