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A generalised scale-independent mechanism for tailoring of thermal expansivity: Positive and negative

The initial work, sponsored by ICI (Dr Paul Dooling, paul_dooling@ici.com), focussed on reducing thermal mismatch stresses in electronic packaging composites, lead to funding by EADS (Mr Jonathan Meyer, Jonathan.Meyer@eads.com) for work on 3D trusses with near-zero thermal distortion for aerospace structures. It was the first to set out the general conditions for negative and near-zero thermal distortion structures. Other researchers have since used this work as a basis for proposed molecular structures with unusual optical properties, and for structural composites with tuned thermal distortions.