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High-density collagen gel tubes as a matrix for primary human bladder smooth muscle cells

As part of a European Project we worked in collaboration with Swiss materials scientists and clinicians (EPFL, Lausanne) to adapt our rapid fabrication of collagen tissue constructs to produce a prototype living urethral substitute with human cells. These collagen tissue constructs being developed as seamless tubes, that can be seeded with cells and matured in bioreactor culture prior to surgical implantation. This in vitro study provides a platform where tissue engineered tubes lead to functional mature biological implants, to replace tubular structures, such as blood vessels. The author made a substantial contribution to the conception and design of the study.