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Alice, Greenfoot, and Scratch -- A Discussion

<32> Alice, Greenfoot and Scratch are the three most-used systems for programming education in secondary schools, worldwide. Although much has been written about the three systems in isolation, this paper provides a unique and elaborated comparative view from the designers themselves. It investigates and compares the systems’ target audiences, design goals, and resulting solutions. It exposes the designers’ rationale for their different approaches. The breadth and nature of this exploration has informed both the design of other educational systems and of courses using them.