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Conical refraction Nd:KGd(WO4)(2) laser

This paper describes the engineering design and operational rules of a novel class of lasers. From 1832-2009, it was thought that conical refraction was little more than a fundamental optical phenomenon. This work demonstrated (patented) and fully developed an ultra-efficient laser based on the phenomenon. It formed the basis for a successful Royal Society of Edinburgh Fellowship for Professor Abdolvand (£600k) and a £1.2M EU grant (HiCore), leading to a number of collaborations and commercialisation of the product in the near future (M Squared Lasers). Professor Abdolvand is the corresponding author. He designed/executed the experiments and wrote the paper.