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Building materials in the operational phase : Impacts of direct carbon exchanges and hygrothermal effects

There is increasing interest in both the in-use carbon emissions of buildings and the embodied energy and associated impact of their construction and disposal, both of which are a function of the component materials. This paper is unique in presenting evaluation encompassing both embodied energy and in-use performance for a range of natural fibre wall assemblies. The paper is based on constructions with steady-state thermal performance meeting current Norwegian building standards and recently proposed future UK standards and will be of significant interest to designers of low impact buildings and academics engaged in the evaluation of whole-life impact of buildings.