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Surface chemical analysis of the effect of extended laundering on C. I. sulphur black 1 dyed cotton fabric

This paper describes for the first time the effect of simulated laundering on the colour and surface chemistry of commercially important Sulphur Black 1 dyed cotton. The influence of a commercial bleach activator, hydrogen peroxide and abrasive steel balls were related to the colour strength and lightness of the dyed fabric. The surface dye concentration and level of oxidation accurately reflected the visual appearance and dye durability on the fabric and elucidated the dye loss mechanism. This Egyptian government funded project has significantly improved the understanding of the oxidation of disulphide bond species in dyes and other related functionalities.