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Rapid, automated measurement of dielectrophoretic forces using DEP-activated microwells

The commercialisation of dielectrophoresis is the product of two developments – the DEP-well electrode array, and a theoretical understanding of cellular motion in these arrays. This paper described cell motion in a well- electrode, showing how change in light intensity through the well is directly proportional (within limitations laid down in the paper) to the dielectrophoretic force on the cell. This model, encoded within software, forms the “soft” part (together with the “hard” electrode design) of the DEPtech 3DEP, the first commercially available dielectrophoresis-based cell analysis system, which has generated >£0.5M research funding and 10 papers to date