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Caking behaviour of spray-dried milk powders : using scanning probe microscopy to study nanoscale surface properties and material composition

This article was an invited contribution, showing how AFM could be used to analyse the stickiness and surface properties of milk powder formulations produced from spray drying, providing useful data for industrialists, drying modellers and manufacturers of spray-drying equipment. It was the result of an international collaboration through an EPSRC First Grant EP/G016224/1. The data obtained was presented at the International Drying Symposium in 2010 and has helped to generate further EPSRC funding for collaboration with Scandinavian institutions (EP/J00667X/1). Subsequent studies with the same collaborators have investigated how AFM can be combined with other analytical techniques.