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When God made Hell: The British Invasion of Mesopotamia and the Creation of Iraq, 1914-1921

This book combines a detailed treatment of the British military campaign in Mesopotamia/Iraq (the first to be published for forty years) with a grand-strategic analysis of the campaign’s place in Britain’s middle eastern policy and its impact on the postwar political settlement, especially the creation of the Iraq state. It is based on extensive archival research in the papers of the Cabinet Office, the Foreign Office, the War Office, and the India Office as well as many private collections. Much of this material was previously unused.