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Constellation of phase singularities in a specklelike pattern for optical vortex metrology applied to biological kinematic analysis

To imitate successfully the mechanics found in nature, in vivo measurement of dynamic structures is important in both the field of mechanical and biological engineering. This paper reports a world-first method for biological kinematic analysis based on the spatial structures of the constellation of phase singularities in complex signal representation. The in-vivo measurement of a swimming fish has extended the understanding of kinematic movement and has led to other developments in high precision sensors (DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.82.063832 and 10.1364/OE.20.026099). This work has also generated new concepts of non-destructive testing, which has been patented internationally (US 7,813,900 B2 and JP4385139 B2).