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Comparing Contact Angle Measurements and Surface Tension Assessments of Solid Surfaces

For many decades, no accepted universal standard has been available for contact angles and surface tensions of solid surfaces. Depending on the types of contact angles (receding, most stable, advancing, and “static”), the calculated surface tensions are very different. In this paper we measured the four types of contact angles at two independent laboratories for a large number of solid surfaces. We demonstrated that the most stable contact angle, which is theoretically required for calculating the Young contact angle, is a practical, useful tool for wettability characterisation of solid surfaces.