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Capturing spatial effects, technology interactions, and uncertainty in urban energy and carbon models: Retrofitting newcastle as a case-study

Many cities seek to improve their energy and carbon performance, but current models of such transitions neglect three elements: spatial and temporal variations in energy demand, interactions between energy technologies in supply chains, and uncertainty of key financial and technical parameters. This paper is the first to introduce these improvements and develop a robust energy transition for a major urban area. Published in leading journal, Energy Policy, the work was conducted with Newcastle City Council and helped to inform local climate action plan (adrian.mcloughlin@newcastle.gov.uk). Keirstead is developing related tools for UK local authorities and utilities.