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Investigation of non-linear acoustic losses at the open end of a tube

This paper resulted from an international collaboration between l'Université du Maine, France, and Edinburgh University. Numerical simulation, experimental measurement and analytical modelling were carried out to investigate the flow regimes which influence the termination impedance (energy losses) at the open end of a resonating pipe due to non-linear effects. The results identified, for the first time, the underlying physical mechanism responsible for a previously observed discontinuity in the termination impedance. The sensitivity of both the termination impedance and the observed regimes to the geometry of the opening was also demonstrated. The work has applications to acoustic and ultrasound waveguides.