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An Extended CMOS ISFET Model Incorporating the Physical Design Geometry and the Effects on Performance and Offset Variation

This is the first paper to report the impact (on performance) of scaling Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistors (ISFETs) using a commercial CMOS process. This is significant as it is this miniaturisation that has driven next generation DNA sequencing; reducing the cost of human genome sequencing by increasing the number of ISFET sensors per CMOS die (Nature. 2011 Jul 20;475(7356):348-52). This work has directly guided the development of the core sensor technology that has been commercialised by DNA electronics Ltd (contact:sam.reed@dnae.co.uk) to develop DNA diagnostic systems (Nature Methods 10;641–646(2013)) and genome sequencing technology, licensed to Ion-Torrent Systems (Nature Biotechnology 30;1054–1058(2012)).