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Generalised forming limit diagrams showing increased forming limits with non-planar stress states

This paper generalises a well known 1960's explanation of sheet forming limits for ductile metals to non-planar stress states. It is now accepted (contact Professor Cao ID_in_Audit_file@northwestern.edu) as part of the explanation of the high forming limits achieved in incremental type processes. It triggered further research on theoretical predictions of sheet forming limits (e.g. Eyckens et al. International Journal of Plasticity Volume 27 p1577 §2.11) and through an EPSRC Case award with Airbus (RG46958) led to development by Allwood and Shouler of two novel laboratory tests for sheet forming limits (Journal of Materials Processing Technology Volume 210 p1304, Esaform 2011).