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Indirect evidence of transposon-mediated selection of antibiotic resistance genes in aquatic systems at low-level oxytetracycline exposures

Highly referenced among environmental/wastewater research engineers as one of the first experiments demonstrating that low-levels of antibiotics have long-lasting effects on aquatic bacteria, in particular the development of antimicrobial resistance and its risk to agricultural and public health. Manuscript results incorporated in a recent mathematical model developed by researchers at Northeastern University (FL Hellweger; ferdi@coe.neu.edu) predicting resistance levels in waters upon exposure to sub-inhibitory antibiotic chemicals. Included in UK Parliament document on Antibiotic Resistance in the Environment (http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/research/briefing-papers/POST-PN-446). Highlighted as risk assessment approach for determining risk of pharmaceuticals in wastewater to German Federal Environment Agency (policy paper in preparation, H.Schmitt@uu.nl).