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Hydration chemistry of sewage sludge ash used as a cement component

The paper reports on findings from a DETR/industry-funded research project. It investigates the chemical reactions taking place when sewage sludge ash is combined with Portland cement. This practice is growing in popularity globally and the paper addresses a gap in understanding at the time, which hindered its use. The paper demonstrates that these reactions are, in at least one way, fundamentally different from the reactions undertaken by similar materials. It characterises comprehensively the composition of the materials in a manner not previously achieved and identifies relationships between composition and reaction characteristics, allowing identification of suitable materials.