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Developing mechanistic understanding of granular behaviour in complex moving geometry using the Discrete Element Method Part B: Investigation of flow and mixing in the Turbula (R) mixer

This paper concerns application of a modelling technique (DEM) to a solids mixing process (the Turbula) wherein a mixing vessel undergoes a complex 3D motion subjecting the vessel contents to thorough and rapid mixing. This is the first time that such a complex movement has been incorporated in a DEM model. Novelty also lies in the analysis of the output from the model, and the development of mixing criteria that are unique to the DEM technique but translatable to what could be measured experimentally. The work was supported by an EU Marie Curie fellowship and Johnson Matthey (co-author, Stitt).