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Cleaning results of new and fouled nanofiltration membrane characterized by contact angle, updated DSPM, flux and salts rejection

In membrane process industries, membrane cleaning is one of the most important concerns from an economical point of view. The work reported in this paper compares four different characterisation techniques for assessing the effect of cleaning on the membrane surface. The effect of different cleaning methods, high and low pH and commercial cleaning agents, was also investigated. Tests were carried out on both new and used membranes. It was found that contact angle measurements provided the most interesting results which could be used to characterise membrane surface cleanliness.