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Estimating the nonlinear resonant frequency of a single pile in nonlinear soil

With advent of monopiled offshore wind turbines there is need to determine their dynamic response. Medium to large strain levels in soil surrounding pile introduce significant non-linearity and must be accounted for in design of wind turbine. Paper presents analytical expressions for both linear and non-linear fundamental frequencies of single pile in non-linear soil. Linear fundamental frequency prediction is validated against finite element analysis and centrifuge tests. Recent experimental measurements support prediction of reduction in fundamental frequency at large amplitudes.